The [[TRIZ]] methodology includes 40 inventive principles designed to help solve technical problems creatively. Here they are:
1. **Segmentation**: Divide an object into independent parts.
2. **Taking Out**: Separate an interfering part or property from an object.
3. **Local Quality**: Transition from uniform to non-uniform structure; make each part of an object function in the best way possible.
4. **Asymmetry**: Change the shape of an object from symmetrical to asymmetrical.
5. **Merging**: Combine identical or similar objects, or assemble identical or similar parts to perform parallel operations.
6. **Universality**: Make a part or object perform multiple functions; eliminate the need for other parts.
7. **Nested Doll**: Place one object inside another; make one part pass through a cavity in another.
8. **Anti-Weight**: To compensate for the weight of an object, merge it with other objects that provide lift.
9. **Preliminary Anti-Action**: If it will be necessary to do an action with both harmful and useful effects, this action should be replaced with anti-actions to control harmful effects.
10. **Preliminary Action**: Perform actions beforehand so that they can be done more easily at the desired time/place.
11. **Beforehand Cushioning**: Prepare emergency means beforehand to compensate for the low reliability of an object.
12. **Equipotentiality**: In a potential field, limit position changes (e.g., change operating conditions).
13. **The Other Way Round**: Invert actions used to solve a problem (e.g., instead of cooling an object, heat it).
14. **Spheroidality—Curvature**: Replace linear parts with curved ones; use rollers, balls, spirals, and domes.
15. **Dynamics**: Allow characteristics of an object or environment to change for optimal performance at each stage of operation.
16. **Partial or Excessive Actions**: If 100% of a task is hard to achieve using a given method, use "slightly less" or "slightly more" of the same method instead.
17. **Another Dimension**: Move into two- or three-dimensional space; use multi-level composition; tilt/rotate objects/parts.
18. **Mechanical Vibration**: Use oscillation/vibration instead of static forces; increase frequency/amplitude if needed.
19. **Periodic Action**: Instead of continuous action, use periodic/pulsed action; if already periodic, change frequency/amplitude/duty cycle.
20. **Continuity of Useful Action**: Carry on work continuously; eliminate idle/interrupting actions/stages/transitions.
21. **Rushing Through (Skipping)**: Conduct harmful/dangerous operations at high speed.
22. **Convert Harm into Benefit (Blessing in Disguise)**: Use harmful factors/environmental effects positively.
23. **Feedback (Retroaction)**: Introduce feedback loops for control and optimization.
24. **Mediator (Intermediary)**: Use intermediaries/carriers/buffers between incompatible components.
25. **Self-service (Self-organization)**: Make objects serve themselves by performing auxiliary functions.
26. **Copying (Replication)**: Replace complex systems with simpler copies/models/prototypes.
27. **Cheap Short-Lived Objects**: Replace expensive durable items with inexpensive short-lived alternatives.
28. **Replacement Of A Mechanical System**: Replace mechanical systems with optical/electrical/magnetic fields
29. **Pneumatics And Hydraulics**: Use gas/liquid properties instead of solid structures
30. **Flexible Shells And Thin Films**: Replace rigid structures with flexible shells/thin films
31. **Porous Materials**: Use porous materials to allow gas/liquid passage
32. **Color Changes**: Change color to identify features and improve visibility
33. **Homogeneity**: Objects interacting same material/environment homogeneous
34. **Discarding And Recovering**: Discard/remove reusable components and recover them later
35. **Parameter Changes**: Change physical state/concentration/flexibility/temperature etc...
36. **Phase Transitions**: Utilize phase transitions to achieve desired results
37. **Thermal Expansion**: Utilize thermal expansion properties materials design solutions
38. **Strong Oxidants**: Employ strong oxidants to enhance chemical reactions
39. **Inert Atmosphere**: Create inert atmosphere to prevent unwanted reactions
40. **Composite Materials**: Combine multiple materials to create composite solutions