Portuguese has one of the richest vowel phonologies of all romance languages with oral and nasal vowels, diphthongs, and triphthongs. Nasal vowels are represented in the IPA phonetic alphabet with a tilde over the corresponding oral vowel. A phonemic distinction is made between close-mid vowels /e o/ and the open-mid vowels /ɛ ɔ/, as in [[Italian vowels]] and [[French vowels]]. European Portuguese has also two central vowels \[ɐ\] and \[ɨ\]. The central closed vowel \[ɨ\] tend to be elided and only occurs when _e_ is unstressed, e.g. _presidente_ \[pɾɨziˈðẽtɨ\] ![[European_Portuguese_vowel_chart.svg]] Source: adapted by the author from [Cruz-Ferreira (1995](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_phonology#CITEREFCruz-Ferreira1995):91)