Spoken language is the principal medium through which individuals interact and convey their thoughts, feelings, and ideas to one another. It is a crucial aspect of human civilization and is used across various social settings such as in education, politics, trade, entertainment, and more. The ability to speak proficiently in a language allows for effective communication between individuals and fosters social connections that transcend cultural barriers. As with other communication processes, the spoken language encodes information in the speech signal. This module will deal with the spoken language communication process and the way that human speech can be modeled at different levels with discrete elements. ## Spoken Language Communication - [[spoken language communication|spoken language communication]] - [[sound]] - [[audio signal]] - [[human voice]] - [[speech signal]] ## Speech Production - [[speech production]] - [[human speech production mechanism]] - [[phonation types]] - [[articulatory system]] ## Speech Perception - [[speech perception]] - [[auditory transduction]] - [[physical and perceptual attributes]] - [[auditory masking]] ## Phonetics - [[phonetics]] - [[International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] - [[classification of speech sounds]] - [[voicing]] - [[manner of articulation]] - [[place of articulation]] ## Prosody - [[prosody]] - [[rhythm]] - [[stress]] - [[intonation]] ## Problems - [[phon-m02 manner of articulation of consonant p]] - [[phon-o02 transcribe words in SAMPA pt-pt]] - [[phon-t01 semi-vowels are stationary]] - [[phon-m01 place of articulation of consonant v]] - [[phon-o01 transcribe words in ARPAbet]] - [[phon-t02 f is a velar consonant]] ## Readings ### [[Backstrom 2022]], Chapter 2: Introduction - [2.1. Why speech processing?](https://speechprocessingbook.aalto.fi/Introduction/Why_speech_processing.html) - [2.2. Speech production and acoustic properties](https://speechprocessingbook.aalto.fi/Introduction/Speech_production_and_acoustic_properties.html) - [2.3. Linguistic structure of speech](https://speechprocessingbook.aalto.fi/Introduction/Linguistic_structure_of_speech.html) ### [[Jurafsky 2022]], Chapter 28: Phonetics, [pdf](https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/28.pdf) - 28.1 Speech Sounds and Phonetic Transcription - 28.2 Articulatory Phonetics - 28.3 Prosody ## Additional Materials - [The Voice Space video](https://youtu.be/FdldD0-kEcc) by Geoff Lindsey - an amazing video on the vowel space - [toPhonetics](https://tophonetics.com) - American and British English text to IPA converter with speech synthesis - [European Portuguese - Convert Text to IPA Transcription](https://european-portuguese.info/ipa#Olá%20mundo!) - a quick way to get a phonetic transcription of European Portuguese text. Be aware of mistakes like "sozinho", "somente" or "pinguim".