The root mean square (RMS) of a sequence of numbers is the square root of the mean of the squared values in the sequence. It is a measure of the magnitude or amplitude of the sequence and is commonly used in signal processing, electrical engineering, and physics. The formula for calculating RMS is: $ \text{RMS} = \sqrt{ \frac{1}{N} \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} x^2(n) } $ where $N$ is the number of elements in the sequence and $x(n)$ are the individual elements. For a [[non-stationary signal]], the change of the RMS over time can be computed using [[short-time processing]].